{"id":7733,"date":"2026-06-09T14:44:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T06:44:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/?p=7733"},"modified":"2026-06-30T16:56:30","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T08:56:30","slug":"what-is-titanium-dioxide-a-comprehensive-guide-to-tio2-properties-production-and-industrial-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/blog\/what-is-titanium-dioxide-a-comprehensive-guide-to-tio2-properties-production-and-industrial-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 TiO2 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 22.28 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40.07 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2032\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 7.1% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633\u00bb. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a TiO\u2082\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062a \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 TiO\u2082 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (UV) \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u0647. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2\u060c CAS 13463-67-7) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a 79.866 \u063a\/\u0645\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (2.61 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u06482.71 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1840 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.8 \u06484.3 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 (3.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 (2.71) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 (2.42)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a. \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/th><th>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/td><td>\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645\u00b3)<\/td><td>4.2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4.3<\/td><td>3.8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>2.71<\/td><td>2.61<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633<\/td><td>6.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.5<\/td><td>5.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/td><td>3.0<\/td><td>3.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>1840 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 915 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/td><td>114 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642)<\/td><td>48<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 1840 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 915 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a TiO\u2082 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2666523925001965\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: ScienceDirect\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u201d (2025)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632: \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 75 \u0625\u0644\u0649 80 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u064825 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 P42\/mnm) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a a = 4.59 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648 c = 2.96 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 (3.0 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 3.2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (OEM) \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d PVC \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 I41\/amd \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (a = 3.78 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c c = 9.51 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645). \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 (\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 5.5 \u06486.0) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 (3.2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2666523925001965\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/th><th>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>75 \u0625\u0644\u0649 80 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 (\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0648\u0633)<\/td><td>6.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.5<\/td><td>5.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td><td>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td><td>\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiCl4) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 55 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 TiO\u2082 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u062a (FeTiO\u2083) \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 150 \u0648220 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiOSO\u2084) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FeTiO\u2083 + 2H\u2082SO\u2084 \u2192 TiOSO\u2084 + FeSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f(III) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f(II)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f(II) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633). \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 TiO\u2082 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u2014 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.2 \u06480.3 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06488 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 (20 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629). \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2). \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 900 \u06481000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TiO\u2082 + 2Cl\u2082 + C \u2192 TiCl\u2084 + CO\u2082<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 TiCl\u2084 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 99.9 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629). \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 TiCl\u2084 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TiCl\u2084 + O\u2082 \u2192 TiO\u2082 + 2Cl\u2082<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648TiCl\u2084 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u064a \/ \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><td>\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644<\/td><td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td><td>\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2024)<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 55 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 45 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E9%92%9B%E7%99%BD%E7%B2%89\/5133497\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0643\u060c \u201c\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u201d<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stonevik.com\/news\/3343.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0643\u060c \u201c\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 45 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 15 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a TiO2 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (OEM)\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 100 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0643\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/titanium-dioxide-tio2-market-102390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Fortune Business Insights\u060c \u201c\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f (PVC)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f (PVC) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u064812 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c (phr) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 50 \u064870 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3 \u064810 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a TiO2 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 TiO2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u2014 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a TiO2 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u064850 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632\u00bb\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NOx) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 TiO\u2082 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 (DSSCs)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 (DSSCs)\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 TiO2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0640 TiO2 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 E171 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648INS 171 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 E171 \u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2022 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (FDA) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nutrasafe.co.uk\/e-numbers\/e171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: NutraSafe\u060c \u201cE171 (\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u2014 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2022\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th><th>\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th><th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 TiO2 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th><th>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 45 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a)<\/td><td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td><td>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2025\/12\/15\/titanium-dioxide-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: GlobeNewsWire\u060c \u201c\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 41.81 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2034\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 22.28 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40.07 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2032\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 7.1 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 45 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0640 TiO2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632\u064d \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (OEM) \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelmarketresearch.com\/industrial-titanium-dioxide-market-9886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: IntelMarketResearch\u060c \u201c\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/press-release\/global-titanium-dioxide-tio2-market-10491\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fortune Business Insights\u060c \u201c\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (E171) \u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2022 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (FDA) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (IARC) \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 TiO2 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 2B (\u201c\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u201d) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a (OELs) \u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (EFSA) \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (E171) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (EFSA) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a (ADI). \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a) 2022\/63\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 E171 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2022. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (FDA) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648TiCl\u2084 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2). \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/6585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (EFSA)\u060c \u201c\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (E171) \u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u201d (\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021)<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/nutrasafe.co.uk\/e-numbers\/e171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NutraSafe\u060c \u201cE171 (\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u2014 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u2014 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Titanium dioxide (TiO2) ranks among the most commercially significant inorganic compounds in modern industry, with an annual global production exceeding six million metric tons. Its exceptional brightness, extremely high refractive index, and remarkable chemical stability have made it indispensable across a spectrum of sectors, from architectural coatings and automotive finishes to plastics, paper, cosmetics, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[221,222],"class_list":["post-7733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-titanium-dioxide","tag-titanium-dioxide-types"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7733"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7735,"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7733\/revisions\/7735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/junglenical.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}